Cloves are the dried flower buds of the clove tree, prized for their strong aroma and versatility in cooking worldwide. Convenient and long-lasting in their whole form, they can be gently simmered, toasted, or infused, then removed before serving to release their distinct flavour without overpowering. They are a favourite in traditional spice blends such as garam masala, Chinese five spice, and mulled wine mixes.

Here are 10 modern and authentic ways to use whole cloves:

1. Stud into an orange or onion to add fragrance to stocks, broths, or festive punch.

2. Infuse in hot milk or cream for custards, rice pudding, or chai.

3. Add to slow-cooked lamb, beef, or goat dishes for warmth and depth.

4. Simmer with red wine, citrus, and cinnamon for a classic mulled wine.

5. Drop into rice pilafs, biryanis, or Persian stews for gentle spicing.

6. Use in pickling liquids for vegetables or fruits.

7. Crush and mix with garlic, cumin, and pepper to rub on roast chicken.

8. Brew into herbal teas with ginger, cardamom, and cinnamon.

9. Blend into sweet bakes such as spiced biscuits, cakes, or puddings.

10. Combine with honey and lemon in a soothing winter syrup.

Extra tip: Toasting cloves lightly in a dry pan before use unlocks even greater depth and complexity.